Calculate the heating and cooling load to assess the required capacity of heating and cooling systems to maintain specific conditions in the conditioned space, by using the building specifications, design indoor and outdoor conditions, process/equipment heat losses, occupancy load, etc.
Whenever liquid flows by gravity out of a vessel or down a pipe there is a potential problem of entrainment of gas by the liquid. Entrained gas not only raises the pressure drop but also reduces the static head available to drive the flow and overcome the created pressure drop. These effects can reduce the flowrate drastically below the design value.
Discharges of gaseous hydrogen to the atmosphere shall be disposed of through an engineered vent system that complies with the associated code regulations and can withstand wind loads. Hydrogen-air mixtures are extremely easy to ignite — thus, ignition at the outlet of a vent should be considered as a design event rather than an emergency.
Emergency lighting intended to provide illumination for evacuating a building/plant in the event of failure of normal power supply is considered to be part of the Life Safety System.
When sizing a room, or an area that will house electrical equipment, there are many variables to consider. It is clearly stated in the Ontario Electrical Code book that “electrical equipment shall be installed and guarded so that adequate provision is made for the safety of persons and property and for the protection of the electrical equipment from mechanical or other damage to which it is likely to be exposed” (OESC 2-200). This can be done with a dedicated electrical room/space, signage, physical barriers, and training. When working with other disciplines, the electrical team must communicate the physical size, and space needed to follow all of the rules stated in the OESC, of the chosen electrical equipment.
The purpose of this knowledge file is to provide a basic overview of what a pre-start health and safety review (PSR or PSHSR) is in order to facilitate the planning and coordination of PSR projects.
The purpose of this file is to share information on trunnion supports. Sometimes in piping design, a trunnion is needed. When designing a trunnion, there are many factors to consider and best practices to follow.
The intent of this knowledge file is to study the velocity limitation and material selection considerations in an oxygen system as per CGA G-4.4 code for oxygen piping systems to mitigate the risk of oxygen fires/explosions.
Utilities in a process plant are services which are not integral to the process, however, are still essential to plant operation.
Modeling of complex fluids like non-Newtonian fluids or settling slurries should not be intimidating. The basic steps are very similar to that of conventional hydraulic models for single-phase, Newtonian fluids like water.
